For a long time (and honestly, still to this day), I was an absolute believer in the Zone 2 theory, which gained mainstream popularity through Dr. Iñigo San Millán (then coach of Tadej Pogačar). The way I interpreted his theory, Zone 2 was the absolute gold standard. Just look at Tadej’s famous podcast with Peter Attia: he explains his Zone 2 hovers around 300 Watts with a heart rate of barely 150 beats per minute. How on earth do you beat someone like that? He saves the vast majority of his glycogen to strike lethally at the end or on the steepest climbs by just throwing an extra layer on top.

Beyond hyper-modern bikes and advanced training techniques, the single biggest revolution in modern professional cycling is without a doubt nutrition strategy. Fully loaded tanks at the start and strict fuel management along the way allow pros to sustain unprecedented power outputs. But how does that actually work, and can everyday cyclists simply copy this strategy?

The advice sounds simple: depending on the intensity, you consume 80, 100, or even up to 140 grams of carbs per hour. But does the same strategy apply to a short pro race versus an ultra-endurance effort, or is there a world of difference between fuel management for 3 hours versus 10+ hours in the saddle?

You know the drill: it is Sunday morning, the sun is shining, and you have a targeted 90-minute Zone 2 training session scheduled. Just spinning the legs, keeping your heart rate or power strictly within the lines. The goal? To train your fat oxidation and build that unshakeable aerobic base.

But then, halfway through, that steep railway bridge appears. Your cycling ego starts to tickle. You push through, click into a heavier gear – and bam, you fly up. Heart rate and power skyrocket out of their tight boxes. Reaching the top, you ease off the pedals, your breathing calms down, and your watch quickly signals you are right back in Zone 2.